Orthognathic surgery (also known as jaw surgery) is a type of surgery used to correct various jaw and facial skeletal abnormalities. The goal of this surgery is to improve the function of the jaw and teeth, as well as to enhance facial appearance. It is often used when the upper and lower jaws are misaligned or if there are significant dental or skeletal issues that cannot be corrected with braces alone.
Common reasons for orthognathic surgery include:
- Misalignment of the jaws: This can result in problems such as difficulty chewing, speaking, or breathing. For example, if the upper jaw (maxilla) and lower jaw (mandible) do not meet correctly, this can lead to malocclusion (bite problems).
- Sleep apnea: In some cases, surgery can be used to treat obstructive sleep apnea by repositioning the jaw to open up the airway.
- Facial deformities: Some people have congenital conditions (such as cleft lip or palate) or trauma-related issues that require surgical correction to improve both function and appearance.
- Aesthetic concerns: Sometimes, people seek orthognathic surgery for cosmetic reasons, to improve the balance and symmetry of their facial features.
Types of orthognathic surgery:
- Maxillary (upper jaw) surgery: This involves repositioning the upper jaw to correct alignment with the lower jaw.
- Mandibular (lower jaw) surgery: This involves repositioning the lower jaw, sometimes through cutting and repositioning the bones of the jaw.
- Bimaxillary surgery: This is a combination of both maxillary and mandibular surgeries, often done when both jaws need repositioning.
Procedure and recovery:
- Pre-surgery: Orthognathic surgery typically involves a period of orthodontic treatment (braces) before the surgery to align the teeth in preparation for jaw repositioning.
- Surgical process: The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia, and it may require several hours, depending on the complexity.
- Recovery: Recovery time can vary, but patients typically spend a few days in the hospital for monitoring. Full recovery can take several weeks to months, with patients gradually returning to normal activities. Swelling and discomfort are common in the early stages of recovery.
Benefits:
- Improved bite and chewing function
- Better speech and breathing
- Enhanced facial appearance
- Long-term health benefits related to better jaw alignment
Orthognathic surgery is generally a safe procedure, but like any major surgery, it carries risks, including infection, nerve damage, and relapse of the jaw position. It’s typically performed by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon in coordination with an orthodontist.
